They are not alternatives. Each is chosen for a specific combination of material, thickness, geometry, and tolerance — which is why JE reviews all of those before defining the production approach.
Metrology is the column that matters most, and the one most shops don't own.
Because inspection sits on the same floor as cutting and forming, a dimensional problem is caught between operations rather than after delivery — and the verification record travels with the part.
Engagements can span custom end-to-end delivery, engineering through delivery, manufacturing and assembly, engineering only, machining only, or assembly only — so the commercial shape follows the work rather than the other way round.
Manufacturing is one stage of an integrated delivery process. Every approved project runs the same six stages — what changes with scope is which of them JE owns, not whether they happen.
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Three programmes documented in full, each running a different engagement model — worth reviewing before a requirements conversation.
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